Perceptions and innovations of academics in an open distance e-learning institution

Kgabo Bridget Maphoto 1 *
More Detail
1 University of South Africa, Pretoria, SOUTH AFRICA
* Corresponding Author
Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, Volume 14, Issue 2, Article No: e202429. https://doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/14485
OPEN ACCESS   842 Views   684 Downloads   Published online: 19 Apr 2024
Download Full Text (PDF)

ABSTRACT

The issue of academic support remains a significant area of concern within open distance e-learning (ODeL) institutions. Therefore, this study aims to explore the perceptions and innovations pertaining to academic support, specifically in the academic language and literacy in English module (ENGX). Grounded in the social presence theory, the study investigates the pivotal role of social presence in promoting students’ engagement and academic success in ENGX module. The findings reveal that while lecturers generally hold a positive view of academic support in online higher education institutions, there is room for further enhancement, considering students’ expressed dissatisfaction. The findings also shed light on students’ apprehensions regarding limited engagement, accessibility challenges, and the pressures associated with misusing chat generative pre-trained transformer (ChatGPT). In contrast, lecturers emphasized the significance of fortifying presence and engagement to mitigate issues such as plagiarism. The pedagogical purpose of the paper is to enhance the understanding of academic support within the context of ODeL and explore innovative approaches to improving the educational experience in such a context.

CITATION

Maphoto, K. B. (2024). Perceptions and innovations of academics in an open distance e-learning institution. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 14(2), e202429. https://doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/14485

REFERENCES

  • Alraimi, K. M., Zo, H., & Ciganek, A. P. (2015). Understanding the MOOCs continuance: The role of openness and reputation. Computers & Education, 80, 28-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.08.006
  • Arinto, P. B. (2016). Issues and challenges in open and distance e-learning: Perspectives from the Philippines. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 17(2), 162-180. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v17i2.1913
  • Bachiri, H., & Sahli, R. (2020). The need of distance learning in the wake of COVID-19 in Morocco: Teachers’ attitudes and challenges in the English foreign language instruction. International Journal of Language and Literary Studies, 2(3), 240-256. https://doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.v2i3.326
  • Bolic Baric, V., Hellberg, K., Kjellberg, A., & Hemmingsson, H. (2016). Support for learning goes beyond academic support: Voices of students with Asperger’s disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Autism, 20(2), 183-195. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361315574582
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021). Successful qualitative research: A practical guide for beginners. SAGE.
  • Chokwe, M. J. (2011). Academic writing in English second language contexts: Perceptions and experiences [Doctoral dissertation, University of South Africa].
  • Cleveland-Innes, M., & Wilton, D. (2018). Guide to blended learning. https://doi.org/10.56059/11599/3095
  • Cleveland-Innes, M., Garrison, R., & Kinsel, E. (2007). Role adjustment for learners in an online community of inquiry: Identifying the challenges of incoming online learners. International Journal of Web-Based Learning and Teaching Technologies, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.4018/jwltt.2007010101
  • Coombs, H. (2022). Case study research: Single or multiple. Southern Utah University. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7604301
  • Creswell, J. W. & Poth, C. N. (2017). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. SAGE.
  • Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. SAGE.
  • Dehghani, M., & Azizian Kohan, N. (2020). The role of sport participation motivation and academic support in predicting academic vitality in students with learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 9(3), 52-76.
  • Disabato, D. J., Short, J. L., Lameira, D. M., Bagley, K. D., & Wong, S. J. (2018). Predicting help-seeking behavior: The impact of knowing someone close who has sought help. Journal of American College Health, 66(8), 731-738. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2018.1440568
  • Ditlhale, T. W., & Johnson, L. R. (2022). Assistive technologies as an ODeL strategy in promoting support for students with disabilities. Technology and Disability, 34(3), 153-163. https://doi.org/10.3233/TAD-220376
  • Flick, U. (2018). The SAGE handbook of qualitative data collection. SAGE. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526416070
  • Gabaudan, O. (2016). Too soon to fly the coop? Online journaling to support students’ learning during their Erasmus study visit. ReCALL, 28(2), 123-146. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0958344015000270
  • Garrison, D. R., & Cleveland-Innes, M. (2005). Facilitating cognitive presence in online learning: Interaction is not enough. The American Journal of Distance Education, 19(3),133-148. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15389286ajde1903_2
  • Garrison, D. R., & Kanuka, H. (2004). Blended learning: Uncovering its transformative potential in higher education. The Internet and Higher Education, 7(2), 95-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2004.02.001
  • Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (1999). Critical inquiry in a text-based environment: Computer conferencing in higher education. The Internet and Higher Education, 2(2-3), 87-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1096-7516(00)00016-6
  • Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (2001). Critical thinking, cognitive presence, and computer conferencing in distance education. American Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), 7-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923640109527071
  • Garrison, D. R., Cleveland-Innes, M., & Fung, T. (2004). Student role adjustment in online communities of inquiry: Model and instrument validation. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 8(2), 61-74. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v8i2.1828
  • Garrison, R. (2000). Theoretical challenges for distance education in the 21st century: A shift from structural to transactional issues. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 1(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v1i1.2
  • Gee, B., Reynolds, S., Carroll, B., Orchard, F., Clarke, T., Martin, D., Wilson, J., & Pass, L. (2020). Practitioner review: Effectiveness of indicated school-based interventions for adolescent depression and anxiety–A meta-analytic review. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61(7), 739-756. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13209
  • Gentles, S. J., Charles, C., Ploeg, J., & McKibbon, K. A. (2015). Sampling in qualitative research: Insights from an overview of the methods literature. The Qualitative Report, 20(11), 1772-1789. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2015.2373
  • Gillett-Swan, J. (2017). The challenges of online learning: Supporting and engaging the isolated learner. Journal of Learning Design, 10(1), 20-30. https://doi.org/10.5204/jld.v9i3.293
  • Guest, G., MacQueen, K. M., & Namey, E. E. (2022). Applied thematic analysis. SAGE.
  • Gultom, A., & Suhartini, S. (2020). Student interaction, teacher competence, and technology in online learning: Does it create a meaningful learning. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 541, 169-180. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210326.024
  • Gutiérrez-Santiuste, E., Gámiz-Sánchez, V. M., & Gutiérrez-Pérez, J. (2015). MOOC & B-learning: Students’ barriers and satisfaction in formal and non-formal learning environments. Journal of Interactive Online Learning, 13(3), 349-362.
  • Herman, H., Puspitasari, K. A., & Padamo, D. A. (2015). The Importance of student support services and students’ satisfaction at Universitas Terbuka. ASEAN Journal of Open Distance Learning, 7(1), 17-29.
  • Holliman, A. J., Waldeck, D., Jay, B., Murphy, S., Atkinson, E., Collie, R. J., & Martin, A. (2021). Adaptability and social support: Examining links with psychological wellbeing among UK students and non-students. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(1), 190-205. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.636520
  • Ice, P., Layne M., & Boston, W. A. (2017). Social presence and student success. In A. L. Whiteside, A. Garrett Dikkers, & K. Swan (Eds.), Social presence in online learning: Multiple perspectives on practice and research (pp. 77-85). Stylus Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003447023-11
  • Johnson, A. M., Jacovina, M. E., Russell, D. E., & Soto, C. M. (2016). Challenges and solutions when using technologies in the classroom. In S. A. Crossley, & D. S. McNamara (Eds.), Adaptive educational technologies for literacy instruction (pp. 13-29). Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315647500-2
  • Jordaan, C. (2022). Business as usual to business unusual: Challenges experienced by first-year intermediate-phase students at an Eastern Cape university due to the transition from face-to-face contact to online learning. Southern African Review of Education with Education with Production, 27(1), 4-26.
  • Kahu, E. (2014). Increasing the emotional engagement of first year mature-aged distance students: Interest and belonging. International Journal of the First Year in Higher Education, 5(2), 45-55. https://doi.org/10.5204/intjfyhe.v5i2.231
  • Karaoglan Yilmaz, F. G. (2017). Social presence and transactional distance as an antecedent to knowledge sharing in virtual learning communities. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 55(6), 844-864. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633116688319
  • Langum, V., & Sullivan, K. P. H. (2017). Writing academic English as a doctoral student in Sweden: Narrative perspectives. Journal of Second Language Writing, 35, 20-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2016.12.004
  • Lentell, H. (2012). Distance learning in British universities: Is it possible? Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 27(1), 23-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680513.2012.640782
  • Letseka, M., Letseka, M. M., & Pitsoe, V. (2018). The challenges of e-learning in South Africa. In M. Sinecen (Ed.), Trends in e-learning (pp. 121-138). IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.74843
  • Lichtman, M. (2010). Understanding and evaluating qualitative educational research. SAGE. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483349435
  • Maboe, K. A. (2019). Students’ support in an ODeL context: Students in ODeL. In L. A. Darinskaia, & G. I. Molodtsova (Eds.), Modern technologies for teaching and learning in socio-humanitarian disciplines (pp. 114-137). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7841-3.ch006
  • Makgahlela, M., Mothiba, T. M., Mokwena, J. P., & Mphekgwana, P. (2021). Measures to enhance student learning and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives of Students from a Historically Disadvantaged University. Education Sciences, 11(5), 212. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11050212
  • Makoe, M., & Shandu, T. (2018). Developing a mobile app for learning English vocabulary in an open distance learning context. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 19(4). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v19i4.3746
  • Manca, S. (2016). “Yes for sharing, no for teaching!”: Social media in academic practices. Internet and Higher Education, 29(1), 63-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2015.12.004
  • Maphoto, K. B. (2021). Reimaging student feedback for improved academic writing skills in a first-year English studies module at a distance education institution in South Africa [Master’s dissertation, University of South Africa].
  • McCabe, J. A. (2018). What learning strategies do academic support centers recommend to undergraduates. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 7(1), 143-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2017.10.002
  • McDonald, P. (2000). Gender equity in theories of fertility transition. Population and Development Review, 26(3), 427-439. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2000.00427.x
  • Meirovitz, T., Russak, S., & Zur, A. (2022). English as a foreign language teachers’ perception regarding their pedagogical-technological knowledge and its implementation in distance learning during COVID-19. Heliyon, 8(4), E09175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09175
  • Mennecke, B. E. (2010). Embodied social presence theory. In Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (pp. 1-10). https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2010.179
  • Mohammed Nasser Hassan Ja’ashan, J. M. (2020). The challenges and prospects of using e-learning among EFL students in Bisha University. Arab World English Journal, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol11no1.11
  • Molinillo, S., Aguilar-Illescas, R., Anaya-Sánchez, R., & Vallespín-Arán, M. (2018). Exploring the impacts of interactions, social presence and emotional engagement on active collaborative learning in a social web-based environment. Computers & Education, 123, 41-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.04.012
  • Muhammad, H. A., Ya’u, S., Aliyu, U. I., & Hassan, M. (2018). Teaching and learning English language in Nigerian schools: Importance and challenges. Teacher Education and Curriculum Studies, 3(1), 10-13. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.tecs.20180301.13
  • Mykota, D. (2018). The effective affect: A scoping review of social presence. International Journal of e-Learning & Distance Education, 33(2).
  • Naidu, K., & Sevnarayan, K. (2023). ChatGPT: An ever-increasing encroachment of artificial intelligence in online assessment in distance education. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 13(1), 3-12. https://doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/13291
  • Nsamba, A. (2019). Maturity levels of student support e-services within an open distance e-learning university. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 20(4), 60-78. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v20i4.4113
  • Nyerere, J. (2016). Open and distance learning in Kenya: A baseline survey report commissioned by the commonwealth of learning. COL. https://oasis.col.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/e8f3e16d-dd4c-4c41-8f52 60d2be9a0902/content
  • Ong, S. G. T., & Quek, G. C. L. (2023). Enhancing teacher-student interactions and student online engagement in an online learning environment. Learning Environments Research, 26, 681-707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-022-09447-5
  • Osei-Frimpong, K. (2017). Examining online social brand engagement: A social presence theory perspective. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 128(1), 10-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.10.010
  • Ouma, R. (2019). Transforming university learner support in open and distance education: Staff and students perceived challenges and prospects. Cogent Education, 6(1), 1658934. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2019.1658934
  • Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), 533-544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y
  • Paniagua, Á. S.-E. (2018). Developing student support for open and distance learning: The empower project. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2018(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.5334/jime.470
  • Paniagua, S., Calvo, L.F., Escapa, C., Coimbra, R. N., Otero, M., & Garcia, A. I. (2018). Chlorella sorokiniana thermogravimetric analysis and combustion characteristic indexes estimation. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 131, 3139-3149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6734-1
  • Parahakaran, S. (2018). Tackling challenges for higher education: Learner support services for distance learning for sustainable collaborative learning communities. In Ajana (Ed.), Technology for efficient learner support services in distance education: Experiences from developing countries (pp. 243-258). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2300-3_13
  • Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods. SAGE.
  • Potts, D. A., Marais, E. A., Boesch, H., Pope, R. J., Lee, J., Drysdale, W., Chipperfield, M. P., Kerridge, B., Siddans, R., Moore, D. P., & Remedios, J. (2021). Diagnosing air quality changes in the UK during the COVID-19 lockdown using TROPOMI and GEOS-Chem. Environmental Research Letters, 16(5), 054031. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abde5d
  • Pratiwi, D. I., Huda, S. T., & Kurniawan, D. A. (2021). An exploratory study of English teachers: The use of social media for teaching English on distance learning. Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 5(2), 361-372. https://doi.org/10.21093/ijeltal.v5i2.753
  • Raj, P., & Raman, A. C. (2017). The Internet of things: Enabling technologies, platforms, and use cases. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315273095
  • Richardson, J. C., Maeda, Y., Lv, J., & Caskurlu, S. (2017). Social presence in relation to students’ satisfaction and learning in the online environment: A meta-analysis. Computers in Human Behavior, 71, 402-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.001
  • Rotar, O. (2022). Online student support: A framework for embedding support interventions into the online learning cycle. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, 17, 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41039-021-00178-4
  • Sánchez-Elvira Paniagua, A., & Simpson, O. (2018). Developing student support for open and distance learning: The empower project. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 9, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.5334/jime.470
  • Sandybayev, A. (2020). The impact of e-learning technologies on student’s motivation: Student centered interaction in business education. International Journal of Research in Tourism and Hospitality, 6(1), 16-24. https://doi.org/10.20431/2455-0043.0601002
  • Sherrif-Shuping, R. D. (2023). The role of Open Distance Learning Institutions in the internationalisation of higher education in Southern Africa: The case of Unisa [Doctoral dissertation, University of South Africa]. https://uir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/30539
  • Seo, K., Tang, J., Roll, I., Fels, S., & Yoon, D. (2021). The impact of artificial intelligence on learner-instructor interaction in online learning. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 18, 54. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-021-00292-9
  • Sevnarayan, K. (2022). Reimaging eLearning technologies to support students: On reducing transactional distance at an open and distance eLearning institution. E-Learning and Digital Media, 19(4), 421-439. https://doi.org/10.1177/20427530221096535
  • Sevnarayan, K. (2023). The implementation of Telegram as a pedagogical tool to enhance student motivation and interaction. Journal of Education Technology, 7(1), 71-79. https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v7i1.52488
  • Sevnarayan, K., & Mohale, N. E. (2022). Overcoming transactional distance through implementing podcasts and vodcasts: Perceptions from an open distance and e-learning university. International Journal of Pedagogy and Teacher Education, 6(2), 116-125. https://doi.org/10.20961/ijpte.v6i2.66813
  • Sevnarayan, K., Maphoto, K., & Lephalala, M. M. K. (2023). Moodle in an open distance e-learning university: Is it a building or stumbling block to student interaction and autonomy? Progressio. https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-5895/11608
  • Shabani, D. O., & Maboe, K. (2021). The effectiveness and efficiency of student support services in open distance learning institutions in Africa: A desktop review. African Perspectives of Research in Teaching and Learning, 5(2), 25-44.
  • Shaheen, M., & Pradhan, S. (2019). Sampling in qualitative research. In M. Gupta, M. Shaheen, & K. P. Reddy (Eds.), Qualitative techniques for workplace data analysis (pp. 25-51). IGI Global. http://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5366-3.ch002
  • Silverman, D. (2019). Qualitative research. SAGE.
  • Starks, A. C., & Reich, S. M. (2023). What about special ed? Barriers and enablers for teaching with technology in special education. Computers & Education, 193, 104665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104665
  • Strydom, F., Kuh, G., & Mentz, M. (2010). Enhancing success in South Africa’s higher education: Measuring student engagement. Acta Academica, 42(1), 259-278.
  • Sugimoto, C. R. (2015). Friend or faculty: Social networking sites, dual relationships, and context collapse in higher education. First Monday, 20(3), 15-35. https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v20i3.5387
  • Swan, K., & Shih, L. F. (2005). On the nature and development of social presence in online course discussions. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 9(3), 115-136. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v9i3.1788
  • Triberti, S., Brivio, E., & Galimberti, C. (2018). On social presence: Theories, methodologies, and guidelines for the innovative contexts of computer-mediated learning. In M. Marmon (Ed.), Enhancing social presence in online learning environments (pp. 20-41). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3229-3.ch00
  • Vasileiou, K., Barnett, J., Thorpe, S., & Young, T. (2018). Characterizing and justifying sample size sufficiency in interview-based studies: Systematic analysis of qualitative health research over a 15-year period. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 18, 148. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-018-0594-7
  • Weidlich, J., Kreijns, K., & Bastiaens, T. J. (2021). Individual differences in perceptions of social presence: Exploring the role of personality in online distance learning. Open Education Studies, 3(1), 188-201. https://doi.org/10.1515/edu-2020-0153
  • Whiteside, A. L. (2007). Exploring social presence in communities of practice within a hybrid learning environment: A longitudinal examination of two case studies within the School Technology Leadership graduate-level certificate program [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Minnesota.
  • Whiteside, A. L. (2015). Introducing the social presence model to explore online and blended learning experiences. Online Learning: Official Journal of the Online Learning Consortium, 19(2). https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v19i2.453
  • Whiteside, A. L. (2017). Understanding social presence as a critical literacy. In A. L. Whiteside, A. Garrett Dikkers, & K. Swan (Eds.), Social presence in online learning: Multiple perspectives on practice and research (pp. 133-142). Stylus Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003447023-16
  • Whiteside, A. L., Garrett Dikkers, A., & Lewis, S. (2014). The power of social presence for learning. EDUCAUSE. http://www.educause.edu/ero/article/power-social-presence-learning
  • Wong, W. L., Su, X., Li, X., Cheung, C. M. G., Klein, R., Cheng, C. Y., & Wong, T. Y. (2014). Global prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and disease burden projection for 2020 and 2040: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Global Health, 2(2), 106-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(13)70145-1
  • Xerri, M. (2018). Student engagement in academic activities: A social support perspective. Higher Education, 75(4), 589-605. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-017-0162-9
  • Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study approach and application: Designs and methods. SAGE.
  • Zarzycka, E., Krasodomska, J., Mazurczak-Mąka, A., & Turek-Radwan, M. (2021). Distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: Students’ communication and collaboration and the role of social media. Cogent Arts & Humanities, 8(1), 1953228. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2021.1953228
  • Zhan, Z. (2013). Academic self-concept and social presence in face-to-face and online learning: Perceptions and effects on students’ learning achievement and satisfaction across environments. Computer Education, 69(1), 131-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.07.002
  • Zhang, W. (2005). Online tutorial support in open and distance learning: Students’ perceptions. British Journal of Educational Technology, 36(5), 789-804. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2004.00492.x
  • Zuhairi, A. (2019). Supporting students to succeed in open and distance learning in the Open University of Sri Lanka and Universitas Terbuka Indonesia. Asian Association of Open Universities Journal, 15(1), 13-35. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAOUJ-09-2019-0038