The interplay between the Internet-based reading resources and learner-to-learner interactions in blended language learning

Sonthaya Rattanasak 1 *
More Detail
1 Department of Languages, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, THAILAND
* Corresponding Author
Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, Volume 13, Issue 2, Article No: e202321. https://doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/13050
OPEN ACCESS   1534 Views   1339 Downloads   Published online: 08 Mar 2023
Download Full Text (PDF)

ABSTRACT

This research examined English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ reading comprehension ability through the Internet-based reading resources in a blended language learning environment: the integration of online reading activities into conventional face-to-face reading instructions. Participants were Thai EFL undergraduates divided into a control group and an experimental group. The experimental group self-selected online articles concerning contents of interest to share, read, and discuss on a social network platform, which was particularly created to foster learner-to-learner interactions throughout a 16-week course focusing on reading comprehension. Data on learners’ reading comprehension abilities were collected from both a pre- and post-test. Reading comprehension ability was determined via performance based on five reading comprehension strategies, namely (1) finding the main ideas, (2) scanning for specific details, (3) identifying the correct referent to a pronoun, (4) making inferences, and (5) figuring out the meaning of new vocabulary in context. The findings showed that learners in the experimental group performed significantly better than the control group. In addition, scanning for specific details as a reading comprehension strategy effected significant improvement among the other reading comprehension strategies. The findings suggested that a blended learning environment with the use of the Internet-based reading resources could serve to provide a dynamic learning environment to foster EFL learners’ reading comprehension.

CITATION

Rattanasak, S. (2023). The interplay between the Internet-based reading resources and learner-to-learner interactions in blended language learning. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 13(2), e202321. https://doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/13050

REFERENCES

  • Alipour, P. (2020). A comparative study of online vs. blended learning on vocabulary development among intermediate EFL learners. Cogent Education, 7(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186x.2020.1857489
  • Banyen, W., Viriyavejakul, C., & Ratanaolarn, T. (2016). A blended learning model for learning achievement enhancement of Thai undergraduate students. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 11(4), 48-55. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v11i04.5325
  • Bárcena, E., & Martín-Monje, E. (2014). Language MOOCs: An emerging field. In E. Martín-Monje, & E. Bárcena (Eds.), Language MOOCs: Providing learning, transcending boundaries (pp. 1-15). De Gruyter Open. https://doi.org/10.2478/9783110420067.1
  • Chanthap, N., & Wasanasomsithi, P. (2019). The effect of integration of a blended learning and extensive reading instructional model on Thai EFL undergraduate students’ learner autonomy. LEARN Journal: Language Education and Acquisition Research Network Journal, 12(2), 76-96.
  • Chomchuen, F., & Rattanasak, S. (2018). An analysis of English communication: A case study of Thai public transport operators’ communication with foreign tourists. Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Language Learning, 97-110. The International Academic Forum.
  • Chase, B. T., Johannsen, K. L., & Bohlke, D. (2015). Reading explorer foundations. Cengage Learning.
  • Council of Europe. (2020). Common European framework of reference for languages: Learning, teaching, assessment–Companion volume. Council of Europe Publishing. www.coe.int/lang-cefr
  • Dai, D. W. (2023). What do second language speakers really need for real-world interaction? A needs analysis of L2 Chinese interactional competence. Language Teaching Research, 1-38. https://doi.org/10.1177/13621688221144836
  • Djiwandono, P. S. (2018). The effect of blended learning on reading abilities, vocabulary mastery, and collaboration among university students. The New English Teacher, 12(1), 23-42.
  • Garrison, D. R., & Vaughan, N. D. (2008). Blended learning in higher education: Framework, principles, and guidelines. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118269558
  • Ghazizadeh, T., & Fatemipour, H. (2017). The effect of blended learning on EFL learners’ reading proficiency. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 8(3), 606-614. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0803.21
  • Graham, C. R. (2006). Blended learning systems: Definition, current trends, and future directions. In C. J. Bonk, & C. R. Graham (Eds.), Handbook of blended learning: Global perspectives, local designs (pp. 3-21). Pfeiffer.
  • He, G. (2020). Blended teaching mode of art course based on objective achievement scale. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 15(13), 289-302. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i13.14987
  • Jitpaisarnwattana, N., Reinders, H., & Darasawang, P. (2021). Understanding the roles of personalization and social learning in a language MOOC through learning analytics. Online Learning Journal, 25(4), 324-343. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v25i4.2509
  • Johnson, C. P., & Marsh, D. (2014). Blended language learning: An effective solution but not without its challenges. Higher Learning Research Communications, 4(3), 23-41. https://doi.org/10.18870/hlrc.v4i3.213
  • Johnson, C., & Marsh, D. (2016). The flipped classroom. In M. McCarthy (Ed.), The Cambridge guide to blended learning for language teaching (pp. 55-67). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009024754.007
  • Jonassen, D., Davidson, A., Collins, M., Campbell, J., & Haag, B. B. (1995). Constructivism and computer-mediated communication in distance education. The American Journal of Distance Education, 9(2), 7-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923649509526885
  • Jones, K. A., & Sharma, R. S. (2021). Higher education 4.0: The digital transformation of classroom lectures to blended learning. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6683-1
  • Karkour, I. (2014). A blended learning model for teaching reading in English as a foreign language. Teaching English with Technology, 14(4), 17-32.
  • Keawchaum, R., & Pongpairoj, N. (2017). The role of frequency on the acquisition of L2 English infinitive and gerund complements by L1 Thai learners. PASAA, 54, 29-57.
  • Kenny, J., & Newcombe, E. (2011). Adopting a blended learning approach: Challenges encountered and lessons learned in an action research study. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 15(1), 45-57. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v15i1.182
  • King, A. (2016). Blended language learning: Part of the Cambridge papers in ELT series. Cambridge University Press.
  • Krasnova, T. I., & Vanushin, I. S. (2016). Blended learning perception among undergraduate engineering students. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 11(1), 54-56. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v11i01.4901
  • Lynch, T., & Maclean, J. (2000). Exploring the benefits of task repetition and recycling for classroom language learning. Language Teaching Research, 4(3), 221-250. https://doi.org/10.1177/136216880000400303
  • Macaruso, P., Wilkes, S., & Prescott, J. E. (2020). An investigation of blended learning to support reading instruction in elementary schools. Educational Technology Research and Development, 68(6), 2839-2852. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-020-09785-2
  • McCarthy, M. (Ed.). (2016). The Cambridge guide to blended learning for language teaching. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009024754
  • McGee, P., & Reis. A. (2012). Blended course design: A synthesis of best practices. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 16(4), 7-22. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v16i4.239
  • Napaporn, S., Maneewan, S., Thamwipat, K., & Nittayathammakul, V. (2023). The cloud-powered hybrid learning process to enhance digital natives’ analytical reading skills. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 14(1), 622-627. https://doi.org/10.14569/ijacsa.2023.0140168
  • Oliver, M., & Trigwell, K. (2005). Can “blended learning” be redeemed? E-Learning, 2(1), 17-26. https://doi.org/10.2304/elea.2005.2.1.17
  • Phoocharoensil, S. (2022). ELT and AL research trends in Thai SCOPUS-indexed journals. PASAA, 64, 163-193.
  • Pinphet, P., & Wasanasomsithi, P. (2022). The effects of project-based blended learning with communication strategy instruction on English oral communication ability of undergraduate engineering students. rEFLections, 29(1), 207-231.
  • Plengkham, B., & Wasanasomsithi, P. (2023). Effects of integrated performance assessment modules on English speaking ability of Thai EFL undergraduate students. LEARN Journal: Language Education and Acquisition Research Network, 16(1), 448-472.
  • Poon, J. (2013). Blended learning: An institutional approach for enhancing students’ learning experiences. Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 9(2), 271-288.
  • R Core Team. (2017). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. http://www.r-project.org/index.html
  • Rattanasak, S., Thammalaksamee, R., Chomchuen, F., Srichat, S., Masoot, W., Wiengsima, K., & Yannajan, K. (2017). Read the world. Triple Group.
  • Regmi, K., & Jones, L. (2020). A systematic review of the factors–enablers and barriers–affecting e-learning in health sciences education. BMC Medical Education, 20(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02007-6
  • Renandya, W. A., & Jacobs, G. M. (2016). Extensive reading and listening in the L2 classroom. In W. A. Renandya, & H. P. Widodo (Eds.), English language teaching today: Linking theory and practice (pp. 97-110). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38834-2
  • Rott, S. (1999). The effect of exposure frequency on intermediate language learners’ incidental vocabulary acquisition and retention through reading. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 21(4), 589-619. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263199004039
  • Sakulprasertsri, K., Tangkiengsirisin, S., Phoocharoensil, S., Kanokpermpoon, M., & Koowuttayakorn, S. (2021). Online English teacher training during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Thai contexts. Asia Pacific Journal of Educators and Education, 36(2), 299-316. https://doi.org/10.21315/apjee2021.36.2.15
  • Songsangyos, P., Kankaew, S., & Jongsawat, N. (2016). Learners’ acceptance toward blended learning. In Proceedings of the 2016 SAI Computing Conference (pp. 890-892). https://doi.org/10.1109/SAI.2016.7556085
  • Stein, J., & Graham, C. R. (2020). Essentials for blended learning: A standards-based guide. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351043991
  • Stracke, E. (2007). A road to understanding: A qualitative study into why learners drop out of a blended language learning (BLL) environment. ReCALL, 19(1), 57-78. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0958344007000511
  • Su, B., Bonk, C. J., Magjuka, R., Liu, X., & Lee, S. (2005). The importance of interaction in web-based education: A program-level case study of online MBA courses. Journal of Online Interactive Learning, 4(1), 1-19.
  • Suthiwartnarueput, T., & Wasanasomsithi, P. (2012). Effects of using Facebook as a medium for discussions of English grammar and writing of low-intermediate EFL students. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 9(2), 194-214.
  • Tananuraksakul, N. (2014). Use of Facebook group as blended learning and learning management system in writing. Teaching English with Technology, 14(3), 3-15.
  • Tananuraksakul, N. (2016). Blended e-learning as a requirement for teaching EFL in a Thai academic context. Teaching English with Technology, 6(4), 48-55.
  • Thornbury, S. (2016). Educational technology: Assessing its fitness for purpose. In M. McCarthy (Ed.), The Cambridge guide to blended learning for language teaching (pp. 25-35). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009024754.004
  • Thorne, K. (2003). Blended learning: How to integrate online and traditional learning. Kogan Page.
  • Tomlinson, B. (2013). Comments on part 1. In B. Tomlinson, & C. Whittaker (Eds.), Blended learning in English language teaching: Course design and implementation (pp. 61-62). British Council.
  • Tomlinson, B. (2019). Blended learning: The future of ELT? In J. I. Liontas (Ed.), The TESOL encyclopedia of English language teaching (pp. 1-7). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0941.pub2
  • Trinder, R. (2016). Blending technology and face-to-face: Advanced students’ choices. ReCALL, 28(1), 83-102. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0958344015000166
  • Visser, P., & Sukavatee, P. (2020). Effects of the genre-based writing instructional module in a blended learning environment. Journal of Education Naresuan University, 22(2), 1-18.
  • Vu, T. T., & Bui, D. B. H. (2020). Blended learning in university writing classes-efficiency and attitude. THAITESOL Journal, 33(2), 20-45.
  • Watanapokakul, S. (2022). Blended online learning: Perceptions and experiences of EFL university students and teachers. rEFLections, 29(1), 60-87.
  • Whyte, S. (2011). Learning theory and technology in university foreign language education: The case of French universities. Arts and Humanities in Higher Education, 10(2), 213-234. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474022210364783
  • Yang, Y.-F. (2012). Blended learning for college students with English reading difficulties. Computer-Assisted Language Learning, 25(5), 393-410. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2011.597767
  • Yang, Y.-T. C., Chuang, Y.-C., Li, L.-Y., & Tseng, S.-S. (2013). A blended learning environment for individualized English listening and speaking integrating critical thinking. Computers & Education, 63, 285-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.12.012